Sunday, February 28, 2010
LGBT Rights Gain a Foothold in Mongolia
In December 2009, after a three-year struggle, the LGBT community in Mongolia won legal recognition for the very first and only LGBT Centre there. Robyn Garner, the centre’s Executive Director, speaks about the discrimination faced by LGBT people, challenges and lessons learned from the campaign and the implications for other LGBT struggles worldwide.
By Masum Momaya
Robyn Garner, Executive Director of the newly-registered LGBT Centre in Mongolia
AWID: In general, how are LGBT persons treated in Mongolia?
Robyn Garner (R.G.): The short answer is badly. Discrimination, misunderstanding, ignorance and outright hatred exist at all levels and in all areas of society. To be gay or transgendered in Mongolia is to be an outcast; the overwhelming majority of LGBT people choose to live extremely closeted lives. They live in fear, and understandably so. The threat of violence, the loss of livelihoods, the loss of housing and the loss of family and friends is real. Most of the documented violence has been familial, with LGBT people attacked by a family member when their sexual orientation and/or gender identity is suspected or has become known. However, recently - with the surge in extreme ultra-nationalist groups - we have seen an alarming rise in gang attacks on gay men and transgendered persons. Also, because the LGBT community has a legitimate fear of secondary violence by police, these attacks have not been reported.
There are no legal or constitutional protections for LGBT people in Mongolia. In essence, legislatively and constitutionally, they are invisible. Persecution by the police and the General Intelligence Agency (GIA) is common. We know, for example, that the GIA keeps a record of known homosexuals in Mongolia and engages in active surveillance of LGBT people. We also have anecdotal evidence of arbitrary police detentions and violence while in custody.
Women are also subject to violence and harassment. We have recorded incidences of sexual assaults against a number of lesbians, and of lesbians beaten by their families and thrown on to the streets.
The rate of suicide among LGBT people, particularly LGBT youth, is high. But you will never read about these statistics.
Basically, it’s dangerous to be gay or transgendered in Mongolia.
AWID: Can you say more about the threats to LGBT persons posed by the surge of ultra-nationalist groups? Is there an overtly homophobic ideology that these groups propagate?
R.G.: Swastikas have become a chillingly familiar sight in Ulaanbaatar. “Neo-Nazi” ultra-nationalist groups have a set agenda – one that is distinctly heteronormative and firmly based on the concept of racial purity. As deeply repugnant as I find such groups, I can understand the circumstances that have given rise to them, and why they are enjoying growing popularity.
With rising anger, Mongolians are watching their country’s assets being sold off, piece by piece, to foreigners. Deals are being brokered for short-term political and personal gain at the expense of any real long-term vision for the country and its people. That is justifiably a cause for concern. Given such a situation, a groundswell of ultra-nationalism has been inevitable. However, its current manifestation is a throwback to an archaic mindset that surely has no place, in any context, in the 21st century.
When Mongolians rose up and fought for democracy, they fought for a system that allowed them to have the freedom to choose – and that freedom was not limited to the political sphere; it was the freedom to make their own life choices. Through their very beliefs, these ultra-nationalists are the antithesis of democracy. They espouse – and through violence practice - a rigid system of racial and social control that embodies so-called “traditional” Mongolian values.
The irony is that in terms of sexuality, traditional Mongolian shamanistic society – which predates socialism and Buddhism – had no such barriers. However, they are now a very real threat to LGBT people.
AWID: Can you tell us about some of the highs and lows you experienced during the three-year campaign to register the Mongolian LGBT Centre?
R.G.: Well, there were more lows than highs, to be honest. It was an incredibly difficult process. But we were determined to go the distance, and we were prepared to fight to the bitter end – to the highest court in the land if necessary. We knew that we were in for a lengthy battle. Being knocked back again and again was definitely the hardest part – tiring and emotionally draining. And each time it was for such arbitrary reasons – reasons that essentially boiled down to one man at the Legal Entities Registration Agency (LERA) making judgments based on his own narrow attitudes.
With hindsight, it was almost comical. Each time we went in with our copious paperwork, he would carefully peruse everything and then tell us that we had to change this, that or the other. One time we were told we could not engage in any advocacy activities and that it had to be deleted from our charter. Each time he wanted the paperwork rewritten, telling us that if we made the changes he would register us. I lost count of how many times we revised things, or rather carefully reworded things.
In the end, all other avenues exhausted on their part, the LERA objected to our name: the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Centre. They said it was contrary to Mongolian customs and traditions and had the potential to set the wrong example for youth. While this was in one sense another setback for us, in another sense we could not have been happier. Their wording in that official rejection letter was blatantly discriminatory and in contravention of the country’s international obligations under the conventions to which it is a party. That gave us a strong platform for international outreach and a basis to pursue our own legal action internally.
AWID: How did international pressure from NGOs such as Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch) and the International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (IGLHRC) help the cause?
R.G.: HRW and IGLHRC engaged in advocacy on our behalf with the Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs (MoJHA) and the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC). Also, Emerlynne Gil at the Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development (FORUM-ASIA) campaigned tirelessly on a number of different levels for our registration. MoJHA did not take notice and seemed to not to feel pressure to act. NHRC was different. We had been in contact with the NHRC prior to the involvement of these organisations, but had no success in getting them to address our issues. That changed with outside pressure. Although NHRC is a governmental body, it is mandated to act independently on human rights violations – so its obligations, particularly in terms of upholding the principle of the indivisibility of human rights, were brought home by outside pressure. We saw a distinct change of attitude and a willingness to work for our registration.
AWID: And what about petitions from the general public? Do you feel that the government paid attention to and was influenced by these petitions?
R.G.: When we received the official registration rejection letter, we put out the call internationally for people and organisations to petition the MoJHA and the NHRC. The response was incredible. People from all over the world contacted us and launched petitions pushing for our registration. Locally, however, it was a different story. We had a lot of difficulty mustering support on the ground here in Ulaanbaatar, including getting local human rights and women’s organisations to incorporate LGBT issues in their agendas. But we received incredible support notably from Hands Up 4 Your Rights, the youth branch of the MONFEMNET NGO. They are an inspirational group of young people who are working to build a truly open and free society, and who are committed to the principle of inclusivity. They launched their own petition and were able to get a surprising number of signatures. I think all the petitions didn’t really influence MoJHA, but I have no doubt that the NHRC took heed of them.
AWID: Can you say more about the problems you encountered in getting local human rights and women's rights NGOs to incorporate LGBT rights into their agendas? Were they non-receptive, resistant and/or hostile? And do you have a sense of why?
R.G.: The people at the helm of those human rights and women’s NGOs are unfortunately not immune to the types of prejudices that exist within the broader population. They are just as much a product of the system as anyone else, and they are just as lacking in information and awareness. Basically their responses to our attempts in the past to address LGBT human rights issues within their frameworks fell into two camps: either “it’s your problem, not ours”; or they were simply outright dismissive. But this isn’t confined to Mongolia. We’ve seen this not only at the national level, but at the international level as well.
Our experiences with the CEDAW process in 2008 were extremely disheartening. There are members of the CEDAW committee who fiercely object to LBT issues being addressed through CEDAW. Sadly, we faced this problem head-on. Despite reporting on a host of human rights violations taking place against the LBT community, not one word was mentioned in the committee’s concluding observations.
AWID: What are the symbolic and practical implications of being registered?
R.G.: Symbolically, our registration is very important. We are the first LGBT human rights NGO in Mongolia – and that is extremely empowering for the entire LGBT community. It is legal recognition that we exist. The community now knows that there is an organisation that is legally mandated to fight for their rights and that will work to ensure their place in society, free of violence and discrimination. On a practical level, being registered as an NGO means we can take our activism to a higher level nationally. We are now in a position to directly engage with the government and to become a recognised and legitimate part of civil society. It means that the future we dream of can become a reality.
AWID: What lessons can you share with LGBT NGOs in other parts of the world that are seeking to be recognized and registered?
R.G.: The most important lesson is persistence. Never give up, no matter how uphill a battle it may seem. There are plenty of people and organisations around the world who will support the fight, and it is vital to reach out to them. It is also important to become very familiar with national legislation and international human rights mechanisms, and to make use of them whenever possible. And network with local civil society organisations and use whatever human rights mechanisms are available in the country or the region, such as national human rights institutions, human rights advisers within the government and legislature, and local UN offices.
AWID: What will be some of the LGBT Centre’s first initiatives?
R.G.: Well, securing funding is of course the number one priority. Beyond that, we have identified a range of areas in which we will progressively engage.
They are:
• Legal and constitutional reform, including the introduction of anti-discrimination and hate-crime legislation; the provision of legal counseling and legal representation for LGBT people; and working with the judiciary on LGBT advocacy to create a more enabling legal environment
• LGBT human rights training for police, the judiciary, government agencies and civil society
• Advocacy and public information targeted at the government, government agencies, development organisations, civil society, the police, the GIA and the general public
• The development of a ‘Parents and Friends of Gays and Lesbians’ support group
• The establishment of LGBT groups and an LGBT network in universities and schools
• The provision of psychological counseling and a 24-hour assistance hotline for LGBT persons
• The establishment of a network of safe employment zones in which employers guarantee that LGBT people will not be discriminated against in their workplace
• The establishment of an LGBT resource centre
• Continued research into, and subsequent promotion of, LGBT human rights issues in Mongolia
• International advocacy using international mechanisms, specifically UN human rights mechanisms, to promote Mongolian LGBT issues
AWID: What are some ways that individuals and organizations around the world can act in solidarity with the LGBT Centre in Mongolia and other similar centres worldwide?
R.G.: In the past few years, we have established strong connections with LGBT and human rights organisations around the world. Together, we are already strategizing on joint projects with Ecuadorian and Kyrgyz LGBT NGOs involving skills sharing and possible staff transfers.
In more general terms, individuals and local civil society organisations can help the LGBT Centre and similar organisations around the world by including LGBT human rights issues in their broader mandate, paying more than lip service to the concept of inclusivity. If you are working for human rights, you must walk the talk.
In an age of global communications networks, we have more power than ever before to tell the world what is happening to us, and to have people respond. Therein lies solidarity. We no longer live in isolation – no matter how remote our physical locations or how far removed we may perceive ourselves to be in the world’s eyes. The more we connect with each other regionally and globally, the more empowered we become.
http://www.awid.org/eng/Issues-and-Analysis/Issues-and-Analysis/LGBT-Rights-Gain-a-Foothold-in-Mongolia
http://www.lgbtcentre.mn/
LGBT Centre's website will be up and running soon, please check back again. webadmin@lgbtcentre.mn
http://www.lgbtcentre.mn/
Нэгэн монгол залуу гей залуусын талаар юу гэж боддоггоо ярьж байна
Хүмүүс youtube-д видео тавьж тэр нь дэлхийн өнцөг булан бүрт тарж хит болдог гэхэд нэг их хилсдэхгүй. Янз бүрийн улсаас хүмүүс есөн шидийн видеог хүмүүсийн анхаарал татах гэж тавьдаг билээ.Харин монголчуудын маань хийсэн видео нэг иймэрхүү янзтай байх юм.
http://www.araatan.com/2010/01/blog-post_8000.html
http://www.araatan.com/2010/01/blog-post_8000.html
СҮҮДЭР”-ТЭЙ ГЭРЭЛ
“СҮҮДЭР”-ТЭЙ ГЭРЭЛ
2009-12-28 15:54:10
Таахын аргагүй тавилангаа заяагдмал байдагт гоморхох хэн нэгэн байх. Гэхдээ жаахан сийрэгхэн ухаантай байж чадах аваас гажсан заяа тавилангийн гэх тодотголтой замаа засч болдог нь таатай. Гэвч басхүү засч, залруулахын аргагүй алдаа, золиос мэт хувь заяандаа гоморхон, хэн нэгнийг буруутгая гэхнээ эзэнгүй мэт эмзэг атлаа гашуувтар тавиланг зарим нэгэн нь үүрч дүүрээд ирсэн байх юм, энэ орчлонд.
Хэдхэн жилийн өмнөөс ижил хүйстэн гэгчийн тухай сонсож, ардчилал бий болж эрх чөлөө гэх үгийг утгаа алдтал хэтрүүлснээс ийм болж байгаа юм гэх өрөөсгөл бодолд түүртэж явснаа ч бас санаж байна. Ядаж байхад өнөөх харийн мэт санагдах гомо гэгчийн дүр төрхийг олонх хүн “гомо” Нараа гэгчээр мэдэрдэг. Баахан увайгүй аягламтгай түүнийг харахад гомо гэдэг гаж сэтгэлгээний илэрхийлэл, илрэл мэт санагдахаас ч аргагүй мэт. Энэ бол ижил хүйстнүүдийн талаарх миний бодол. Гэхдээ гурван жилийн өмнөх л дөө. Одоо бол тэднийг ойлгодог. Үгүй дээ л ойлгохыг хичээдэг, эс ухварлах зүйл таарсан ч дургүйцэлгүй, бас үзэн ядаж гадуурхалгүй зүгээр л мөрөөр нь орхиж чаддаг. Таагүй үнэр ханхлуулан увайгүй аашлах хэн нэгнээр тэднийг бүгдийг нь төлөөлүүлэн харалгантахаа аль хэдийнэ больсон. Ер нь тэгээд хүнийг бэлгийн чиг хандлагаас нь болж ялгаварлан гадуурхах нь дэндүү, жинхэнээсээ увайгүй хэрэг болох биз. Угаас хүн гэдэг амьтан шинжлэх ухаан, элдэв нээлт туршилтын ачаар мэдэхгүй, чадахгүй юмгүй мэт ч үнэндээ хүн төрөлхтөн нь хүн төрхтнөө “а”, “б”-гүй ойлгодог болтол өдий биз. За ийн элдвийг нуршилгүй “сүүдэр”-тэй гэрэл мэт аж төрөгч трансжендерүүдийн миссийн тэмцээний талаар өгүүлсү.
“Mister beauty” тэмцээний оролцогчид аймссан харцтай юм билээ
Яг 14 хоногийн өмнө хотын төвийн нэгэн жижигхэн шөнийн цэнгээний газар “Mister beauty” тэмцээн болсон юм. Тодруулбал гей мисс шалгаруулах тэмцээн. Уг тэмцээн манай улсад гурав дахь удаагаа амжилттай зохион байгуулагдсан нь тэр. Тэмцээнд долоон хүн оролцсон. Өнөөх алдарт трансжендер Анужин ч бас орж байгаа харагдана лээ. Шүүгчээр нь Төрийн соёрхолт зураач Саранцацралт ажилласан. Охин Б.Мөнгөлдэй нь үзэгчдийн дунд сууж байна лээ. Оролцогчдын тухайд гэвэл эмэгтэй хүн болж төрснөөрөө бахархдаг би хүртэл өөрөөсөө жаахан ичихэд хүрсэн гэдгээ хүлээх хэрэгтэй. Яагаав өнөө л эмэгтэйлэг араншингийн гол шинжийн нэг гэдэг бил үү дээ, нэг тийм атаархал төрөөд… Уяхан туяхан, намилзаж нахилзсан, тогос тогоруу мэт ганган бас эрхэмсэг тэднийг дуулж бүжиглээд л мэдлэг сорьсон асуултад хариулаад л жаахан хөөргөчихөд улс даяар явагдан, ялагч нь харьд эх орноо төлөөлөн оддог бүх Монголын сор болох мисс бүсгүйг шалгаруулах тэмцээнээс нэг их дутахааргүй өндөр түвшинд болдог юм байна лээ. Миний хувьд Удвал нэрээр оролцсон трансжендер хүмүүнийг дэмжиж байсан. Монгол бүжгийг бол ёстой бүжих шиг болдог юм билээ, тэр. Хэдийгээр Удвал тэргүүн байр эзэлж чадаагүй ч “Оюунлаг мисс” өргөмжлөлийн эзэн болсон. Эхний гурван байр шалгаруулснаас гадна “Шилдэг үндэсний хувцас”, “Шилдэг дотуур хувцас”, “Оюунлаг мисс” мөн “Шилдэг үзүүлбэр” номинациар шалгаруулалтаа явуулсан юм. Өө нээрээ өнөөх “гомо” Нараа ирчихсэн цүнхнээсээ шилтэй архи гаргаж ууж байгаад баарны хамгаалагчдад баригдаад хөөгдөж орхисон. Гамбууш харагдаагүйн учрыг тэнд байгсад шүүгчдийн бүрэлдхүүнд багтаагүйтай холбоотой гэж шивэр авир хийлцэж байсныг хэлэх нь зүйтэй байх. Аа бас өнөөх алдартай, гей мисс Энхриймаа үзэгчдийн дунд байсан. За тэгээд тэмцээний завсарлагаар реалити шоуны оролцогсод болох Цэлмүүн, Тэмүжин хоёр ая дуугаа өргөсөн. Мөн “Миний гэр” реалити шоунаас төрсөн хосууд гэгддэг Золоо, Амараа нар ч харагдсан. Амараагийн хувьд тэр гей парти болгонд л ирсэн гэх дуулддаг юм. Тэр ч яахав. За тэгээд элдэв номинацийн эзэд тодорч эхний байрт Дөлгөөн гэдэг “залуу” түрүүлсэн дээ. Тэмцээн ерөнхийдөө дажгүй болсон ч оролцогчид болон үзэгчид гаднах хаалга онгойх бүрт аягүйцсэн харцаар хаалга руу хялалзаад байх нь мэдрэгдээд байсан юм. Учрыг лавлавал “Даяар Монгол” хөдөлгөөнийхөн тэднийг олноороо цугларахыг хориглож дарамталдаг гэсэн. Ядаж байхад яг тэр өдрийн өмнөх орой “та нарыг тараана аа” гэж сүрдүүлсэн нь тэнд цугларагсдыг жаахан айлгасан юм шиг байна лээ. Үхдэл болтлоо зодуулахаас гадна олны өмнө жинхэнэ дүр төрхийг нь дэлгээд хаячихвал манай өнөөгийн нийгэмд амьд явах эрхгүй л болно гэсэнтэй утга нэг учир айлгүй ч яахав дээ. Гэрийнхэндээ хүртэл хэлэлгүй нуугдаж амьдардаг хүмүүс чинь… Эцэст нь тэмдэглэхэд хоёрдугаарт байрт шалгарсан бүлтийсэн хөөрхөн нүдтэй “залуу” гей мисс хамгийн мэдрэмжтэй хувцасладаг нь юм шиг санагдсан. Сүүлд сонсох нь ээ, тэрбээр загвар зохион бүтээдэг, өөрийн гэсэн жижигхэн брэндтэй, тэр утгаараа үйлчлүүлэгчидтэй нэгэн гэнэ лээ. Ер нь гей эрчүүдийн олонх нь өндөр боловсролтой, хамгийн гайхмаар нь асар өндөр мэдрэмжтэй хүмүүс байдаг шиг санагддаг. Эсвэл бусдаас нуугдаж хоёр амьдралаар амьдардаг болохоор зорьсондоо хүрч, амжилтын эзэн болох нь тэдний хувьд жаахан ч гэсэн тайвшрал болдог байх л даа. За ямартаа ч гэгээ цацруулсан гэдэгчлэн гэрэл цацруулсан бүсгүйчүүдийн дунд байгаа мэт сэтгэгдэл төрүүлсэн гей миссийн тэмцээний дараа “сүүдэр”-тэй гэрэл гэдэг үг санаанд орж тархинаас хулжихгүй удсан. Олон хүнд хувь тавилангийн даажин мэт таагүй сэтгэгдэл төрүүлдэг тэднийг нэг үдэш ч гэсэн тааваараа байгааг нь хараад юу хүссэнээ өмсөж, гоё сайхан байхыг эмэгтэй хүн л мэдэрдэг бардамналдаа бялуурч буйг мэдрээд “Бидэнтэй л адил хүн атал юунд ад үздэг юм бол доо” гэх бодол орж ирсэн. Хүссэнээрээ гэрэлтэж, бусдын харц өөр дээр нь тусахыг гоо охид шиг өдөр тутам мэдрэх боломжгүй даажин мэт тавилан, заяа төөрөг, төрмөл атлаа төөрмөл бэлгийн чиг хандлагын буруутанг хайж олоод зарга хиймээр ч юм шиг…
Мэдээллийн эх сурвалж: Улаанбаатар таймс
Эх сурвалж: http://www.postnews.mn/index.php?cp=news&task=view&news_id=3118
2009-12-28 15:54:10
Таахын аргагүй тавилангаа заяагдмал байдагт гоморхох хэн нэгэн байх. Гэхдээ жаахан сийрэгхэн ухаантай байж чадах аваас гажсан заяа тавилангийн гэх тодотголтой замаа засч болдог нь таатай. Гэвч басхүү засч, залруулахын аргагүй алдаа, золиос мэт хувь заяандаа гоморхон, хэн нэгнийг буруутгая гэхнээ эзэнгүй мэт эмзэг атлаа гашуувтар тавиланг зарим нэгэн нь үүрч дүүрээд ирсэн байх юм, энэ орчлонд.
Хэдхэн жилийн өмнөөс ижил хүйстэн гэгчийн тухай сонсож, ардчилал бий болж эрх чөлөө гэх үгийг утгаа алдтал хэтрүүлснээс ийм болж байгаа юм гэх өрөөсгөл бодолд түүртэж явснаа ч бас санаж байна. Ядаж байхад өнөөх харийн мэт санагдах гомо гэгчийн дүр төрхийг олонх хүн “гомо” Нараа гэгчээр мэдэрдэг. Баахан увайгүй аягламтгай түүнийг харахад гомо гэдэг гаж сэтгэлгээний илэрхийлэл, илрэл мэт санагдахаас ч аргагүй мэт. Энэ бол ижил хүйстнүүдийн талаарх миний бодол. Гэхдээ гурван жилийн өмнөх л дөө. Одоо бол тэднийг ойлгодог. Үгүй дээ л ойлгохыг хичээдэг, эс ухварлах зүйл таарсан ч дургүйцэлгүй, бас үзэн ядаж гадуурхалгүй зүгээр л мөрөөр нь орхиж чаддаг. Таагүй үнэр ханхлуулан увайгүй аашлах хэн нэгнээр тэднийг бүгдийг нь төлөөлүүлэн харалгантахаа аль хэдийнэ больсон. Ер нь тэгээд хүнийг бэлгийн чиг хандлагаас нь болж ялгаварлан гадуурхах нь дэндүү, жинхэнээсээ увайгүй хэрэг болох биз. Угаас хүн гэдэг амьтан шинжлэх ухаан, элдэв нээлт туршилтын ачаар мэдэхгүй, чадахгүй юмгүй мэт ч үнэндээ хүн төрөлхтөн нь хүн төрхтнөө “а”, “б”-гүй ойлгодог болтол өдий биз. За ийн элдвийг нуршилгүй “сүүдэр”-тэй гэрэл мэт аж төрөгч трансжендерүүдийн миссийн тэмцээний талаар өгүүлсү.
“Mister beauty” тэмцээний оролцогчид аймссан харцтай юм билээ
Яг 14 хоногийн өмнө хотын төвийн нэгэн жижигхэн шөнийн цэнгээний газар “Mister beauty” тэмцээн болсон юм. Тодруулбал гей мисс шалгаруулах тэмцээн. Уг тэмцээн манай улсад гурав дахь удаагаа амжилттай зохион байгуулагдсан нь тэр. Тэмцээнд долоон хүн оролцсон. Өнөөх алдарт трансжендер Анужин ч бас орж байгаа харагдана лээ. Шүүгчээр нь Төрийн соёрхолт зураач Саранцацралт ажилласан. Охин Б.Мөнгөлдэй нь үзэгчдийн дунд сууж байна лээ. Оролцогчдын тухайд гэвэл эмэгтэй хүн болж төрснөөрөө бахархдаг би хүртэл өөрөөсөө жаахан ичихэд хүрсэн гэдгээ хүлээх хэрэгтэй. Яагаав өнөө л эмэгтэйлэг араншингийн гол шинжийн нэг гэдэг бил үү дээ, нэг тийм атаархал төрөөд… Уяхан туяхан, намилзаж нахилзсан, тогос тогоруу мэт ганган бас эрхэмсэг тэднийг дуулж бүжиглээд л мэдлэг сорьсон асуултад хариулаад л жаахан хөөргөчихөд улс даяар явагдан, ялагч нь харьд эх орноо төлөөлөн оддог бүх Монголын сор болох мисс бүсгүйг шалгаруулах тэмцээнээс нэг их дутахааргүй өндөр түвшинд болдог юм байна лээ. Миний хувьд Удвал нэрээр оролцсон трансжендер хүмүүнийг дэмжиж байсан. Монгол бүжгийг бол ёстой бүжих шиг болдог юм билээ, тэр. Хэдийгээр Удвал тэргүүн байр эзэлж чадаагүй ч “Оюунлаг мисс” өргөмжлөлийн эзэн болсон. Эхний гурван байр шалгаруулснаас гадна “Шилдэг үндэсний хувцас”, “Шилдэг дотуур хувцас”, “Оюунлаг мисс” мөн “Шилдэг үзүүлбэр” номинациар шалгаруулалтаа явуулсан юм. Өө нээрээ өнөөх “гомо” Нараа ирчихсэн цүнхнээсээ шилтэй архи гаргаж ууж байгаад баарны хамгаалагчдад баригдаад хөөгдөж орхисон. Гамбууш харагдаагүйн учрыг тэнд байгсад шүүгчдийн бүрэлдхүүнд багтаагүйтай холбоотой гэж шивэр авир хийлцэж байсныг хэлэх нь зүйтэй байх. Аа бас өнөөх алдартай, гей мисс Энхриймаа үзэгчдийн дунд байсан. За тэгээд тэмцээний завсарлагаар реалити шоуны оролцогсод болох Цэлмүүн, Тэмүжин хоёр ая дуугаа өргөсөн. Мөн “Миний гэр” реалити шоунаас төрсөн хосууд гэгддэг Золоо, Амараа нар ч харагдсан. Амараагийн хувьд тэр гей парти болгонд л ирсэн гэх дуулддаг юм. Тэр ч яахав. За тэгээд элдэв номинацийн эзэд тодорч эхний байрт Дөлгөөн гэдэг “залуу” түрүүлсэн дээ. Тэмцээн ерөнхийдөө дажгүй болсон ч оролцогчид болон үзэгчид гаднах хаалга онгойх бүрт аягүйцсэн харцаар хаалга руу хялалзаад байх нь мэдрэгдээд байсан юм. Учрыг лавлавал “Даяар Монгол” хөдөлгөөнийхөн тэднийг олноороо цугларахыг хориглож дарамталдаг гэсэн. Ядаж байхад яг тэр өдрийн өмнөх орой “та нарыг тараана аа” гэж сүрдүүлсэн нь тэнд цугларагсдыг жаахан айлгасан юм шиг байна лээ. Үхдэл болтлоо зодуулахаас гадна олны өмнө жинхэнэ дүр төрхийг нь дэлгээд хаячихвал манай өнөөгийн нийгэмд амьд явах эрхгүй л болно гэсэнтэй утга нэг учир айлгүй ч яахав дээ. Гэрийнхэндээ хүртэл хэлэлгүй нуугдаж амьдардаг хүмүүс чинь… Эцэст нь тэмдэглэхэд хоёрдугаарт байрт шалгарсан бүлтийсэн хөөрхөн нүдтэй “залуу” гей мисс хамгийн мэдрэмжтэй хувцасладаг нь юм шиг санагдсан. Сүүлд сонсох нь ээ, тэрбээр загвар зохион бүтээдэг, өөрийн гэсэн жижигхэн брэндтэй, тэр утгаараа үйлчлүүлэгчидтэй нэгэн гэнэ лээ. Ер нь гей эрчүүдийн олонх нь өндөр боловсролтой, хамгийн гайхмаар нь асар өндөр мэдрэмжтэй хүмүүс байдаг шиг санагддаг. Эсвэл бусдаас нуугдаж хоёр амьдралаар амьдардаг болохоор зорьсондоо хүрч, амжилтын эзэн болох нь тэдний хувьд жаахан ч гэсэн тайвшрал болдог байх л даа. За ямартаа ч гэгээ цацруулсан гэдэгчлэн гэрэл цацруулсан бүсгүйчүүдийн дунд байгаа мэт сэтгэгдэл төрүүлсэн гей миссийн тэмцээний дараа “сүүдэр”-тэй гэрэл гэдэг үг санаанд орж тархинаас хулжихгүй удсан. Олон хүнд хувь тавилангийн даажин мэт таагүй сэтгэгдэл төрүүлдэг тэднийг нэг үдэш ч гэсэн тааваараа байгааг нь хараад юу хүссэнээ өмсөж, гоё сайхан байхыг эмэгтэй хүн л мэдэрдэг бардамналдаа бялуурч буйг мэдрээд “Бидэнтэй л адил хүн атал юунд ад үздэг юм бол доо” гэх бодол орж ирсэн. Хүссэнээрээ гэрэлтэж, бусдын харц өөр дээр нь тусахыг гоо охид шиг өдөр тутам мэдрэх боломжгүй даажин мэт тавилан, заяа төөрөг, төрмөл атлаа төөрмөл бэлгийн чиг хандлагын буруутанг хайж олоод зарга хиймээр ч юм шиг…
Мэдээллийн эх сурвалж: Улаанбаатар таймс
Эх сурвалж: http://www.postnews.mn/index.php?cp=news&task=view&news_id=3118
Гей амьдарлын минь гунигт хайр
Анх би чамтай учирсан тэр өдрийг байнга санаж дурсаж явдаг одоо болтол тэр нэг сандал байнга санаанд ордог одоо хэр нь тэр сандалын хажуугаар өдөр болгон өнгөрдөг чамайг тэнд намайг хүлээгээд сууж байхад би хамгын их аз жаргалтай хүн гэдгээ мэдэрдэг байсан. Чиний минь зөөлөн инээмсэглэл миний гарыг атгах зөөлөн булбарай чиний минь гар би тэр мөчийг л санаж байна. Миний төлөө хийсэн бүх зүйлд маш их баярлалаа чамайгаа үнэхээр санаж байна. Миний амьдарлын хамгийн гэрэл , гэгээлэг бүхэн чамайг энэ хорвоо ертөнцөөс явснаас хойш зогссон. Гэхдээ хайр нь ямарч байсан чинийхээ хэлснээр хэнд ч хэзээ ч бууж өгөхгүйгээр цоглог бас даруухан байнаа. Би танай аав ээж дээр чинь очихийг үнэхээр их хүсдэг гэвч чамайг минь гей байсан гээд мэдчихвэл яах бол гэж хааяа боддог. Чамайг гей гээд мэдвэл юу болох бол гээд л зөндөө их бодолд өртдөг. Хайраа би нээрээ бүх хичээлдээ сайн байгаа бас найз нь хажуугаар нь нэг ТББ-д ажиллаж байгаа сайн дурын байгууллага гэртээ ганцаардаж суухар ядуу хүмүүст очиж туслах нь дээр юмуу гэж бодсон бас дээр нь Солонгос хэл Англи хэлнийхээ курст яваад л байнаа. Чи бид хоёрын хамгийн сүүлд зуслан дээр авхуулсан тэр зургийг одоо болтол би цонхон дээрээ яаг хэвээр нь байлгасаар байгаа.
Одоо энэ сургуулаа төгсчөөд би АУДС-д орно гэж хатуу шийдсэн би хамгын хайртай хоёр хүнээ алдсан би тэр үед юу ч хийж чадаагүй харин одоо бүх зүйлийг хийж чаддаг болмоор байна. Гей хүн гэхээр л хүн болгон надруу муухай харах шиг болхийн гэхдээ зүгээрээ бид хоёрыг ойлгодог сайн найзууд маань чамайг энэ хорвоогоос явснаас хойш ирхээ байсан гэхдээ зүгээрээ над дээр ирхээр хэцүү байна гэж хэлсэн би ойлгоогүй тэр үгийг нь. За за энэ ч яаахав. Өдөр тутмийн амьдрал чамгүйгээр нэг л уйтгартай байх юм. Одоо ямар ч залуустай уулзах хүсэл алга хааяа л гей парти дээр очиж эрх чөлөөгөө мэдэрч жоохон бүжиглэх юм даа. за за энгээд дуусгая хичээлдээ явхаас. Хэрвээ надад ганцхан боломж олдох юм бол чамтайгаа хамт байхыг хүсэнэ.
Ганц хүсэл
Надад ганцхан хүсэл үлдэх юм бол
Чамтай анх учирсан үедээ эргэн очихыг хүснэ
Надад ганцхан мөрөөдөл үлдэх юм бол
Чамтай дахин учирах мөчийг мөрөөдөнө
Явснаас чинь хойш алдах зүйл үлдээгүйг
Яаруу сэтгэлдээ шунаж явсныг ойлгоолоо
Нэг өдөр ч гэсэн халуунаар тэврүүлж
Нэг удаа ч гэсэн үнэрийг чинь мэдрэхсэн
Тэвэрт чинь үхэж чадаагүйдээ харамсана
Дэргэд чинь амьдарч чадаагүйдээ харамсана
Сэтгэлд чинь үлдэж чадаагүйдээ харамсана
Зүрхэнд чинь хайрлуулж чадаагүйдээ харамсана
Чи минь миний сэтгэлд үүр байх болно. Чамдаа хайртай
сеск.мн дээр ирсэн захидал
http://www.cekc.mn/general/gay-lesbian-bisexual/32560
Одоо энэ сургуулаа төгсчөөд би АУДС-д орно гэж хатуу шийдсэн би хамгын хайртай хоёр хүнээ алдсан би тэр үед юу ч хийж чадаагүй харин одоо бүх зүйлийг хийж чаддаг болмоор байна. Гей хүн гэхээр л хүн болгон надруу муухай харах шиг болхийн гэхдээ зүгээрээ бид хоёрыг ойлгодог сайн найзууд маань чамайг энэ хорвоогоос явснаас хойш ирхээ байсан гэхдээ зүгээрээ над дээр ирхээр хэцүү байна гэж хэлсэн би ойлгоогүй тэр үгийг нь. За за энэ ч яаахав. Өдөр тутмийн амьдрал чамгүйгээр нэг л уйтгартай байх юм. Одоо ямар ч залуустай уулзах хүсэл алга хааяа л гей парти дээр очиж эрх чөлөөгөө мэдэрч жоохон бүжиглэх юм даа. за за энгээд дуусгая хичээлдээ явхаас. Хэрвээ надад ганцхан боломж олдох юм бол чамтайгаа хамт байхыг хүсэнэ.
Ганц хүсэл
Надад ганцхан хүсэл үлдэх юм бол
Чамтай анх учирсан үедээ эргэн очихыг хүснэ
Надад ганцхан мөрөөдөл үлдэх юм бол
Чамтай дахин учирах мөчийг мөрөөдөнө
Явснаас чинь хойш алдах зүйл үлдээгүйг
Яаруу сэтгэлдээ шунаж явсныг ойлгоолоо
Нэг өдөр ч гэсэн халуунаар тэврүүлж
Нэг удаа ч гэсэн үнэрийг чинь мэдрэхсэн
Тэвэрт чинь үхэж чадаагүйдээ харамсана
Дэргэд чинь амьдарч чадаагүйдээ харамсана
Сэтгэлд чинь үлдэж чадаагүйдээ харамсана
Зүрхэнд чинь хайрлуулж чадаагүйдээ харамсана
Чи минь миний сэтгэлд үүр байх болно. Чамдаа хайртай
сеск.мн дээр ирсэн захидал
http://www.cekc.mn/general/gay-lesbian-bisexual/32560
Нэг л учраа олохгүй юм
Сайн байна уу. Энэ сайтыг долоо хоногийн өмнөөс уншиж эхэлсэн. Өнөөдөр гэнэт өөрийнхөө тухай бичмээр санагдаад. Би амьдрал дээр тийм ч нээлттэй хүн биш л дээ. Анх удаа л дотроо байгаа зүйлээс гаргамаар санагдаад зориглоод бичиж байна аа. Намайг А гэдэг 28 настай байдаг л нэг залуу. Яг юу гэж эхлэхээ бас сайн мэддэгүй. Ямартаа ч гэсэн би гэр бүлтэй болоод энгийн сайхан амьдралаар амьдрахыг маш их хүсдэг. Бүүр дэндүү их хүсдэг. Гэвч хамгийн тэнэг нь би эмэгтэй хүнийг секс талаас нь харж үнэхээр чадахгүй юм. Өөрчлөгдөх гэж өөрийгөө хэвийн болгох зөндөө хичээсэн. Анх Монголд 10 жилд байхдаа бусад хөвгүүдийн адил охин бодож, тэрийг авгайгаа болгоно доо гээд л фантази бодоод л явж байдаг энгийн нэгэн байсан боловч дараа нь АНУ-д ахлах сургуульд ирээд эмэгтэй хүнээс бас өөр хүнтэй тийм харилцаанд ордогийг мэдээд өөрийн мэдэлгүй л татагдчихсан байсан. Гэхдээ би байнга тийм харилцаанд ордог хүн биш ээ. Амьдралдаа цорын ганц удаа л тийм явдал тохиолдсон. Одоо бараг сексийн тухай найз нөхөд ярьж эхлэхэд л яс хавталзах юм. Монгол руу явах хүсэл байвч очоод ар гэрээс гэрлэх, хүүхэдтэй болох ТОМ даалгавар хүлээх болно. Тэрийг нь биелүүлж чадахгүй, хүүхэнд гологдоно гэдгээс айгаад хичнээн ч жилийг худлаа нэг сургууль соёл, ажил төрөл гээд харь гүрэнд өнгөрөөв дөө. Өдөр ирэх тусам өөрийгөө улам гарах гарцгүй болж байгааг мэдрэх л хамгийн хэцүү юм.
Одоо ч гэсэн би байнга өөрчлөгдөхийг хичээж, явсан газар бүртээ төрөл бүрийн биеэ үнэлэгч хүүхэн авдаг. Даанч худлаа хоосон хэсэг хөдөлж байгаад л дур тавих төдий бушуухан дуусаасай гэж бодсоор дуусгах нэг тиймэрхүү явдал болж өнгөрдөг. Өөрийгөө би бусдад энэ чинь “гомо” шүү дээ гэж хэлүүлэхийг үнэхээр хүсэхгүй бас тэвчиж чадахгүй. Ийм байна байдалтай байна гэдэг бусдад гайхуулаад байх сайхан зүйл огт биш шүү дээ. Намайг тэгээд та бүхэн нэг тийм хүүхэн шиг, шалчигнасан аймаар амьтан гэж битгий төсөөлөөрэй. Би өөрөө ч тийм сэгснэсэн хүүхэн шиг залуучуудыг харах дургүй. Энэхүү захиагаараа би тийм төсөөллийг та бүхэнд бий болгох гээгүй юм шүү. Ганцхан өөрийгөө өөрчлөхийг цаг үргэлж хичээж байгаа энгийн нэг залуу , өөр шигээ байдалд орсон боловч өөрчлөгдөж чадсан хэн нэгэн байвал тэр тухайгаа бичээрэй. Тэгвэл тэр чинь надад аймаар том ИТГЭЛ НАЙДВАР болж магадгүй л гэж хүсэх гэсийн.
Ийм байдлийг маань хүлээн зөвшөөрөөд намайг засаад авчих тийм хүн ер нь амьдралд байх болов уу. За энэ ч арай хэтэрхий том хүсэлт болчихлоо.
Баярлалаа. Ёоххххх нээрээ сэтгэл хөнгөрчих шиг боллоо.
Ижил хүйстэнтэй явалдах гэдэг нэг их сайхан зүйл биш ээ. Хүний жамаар амьдрах нь илүү сайхан юм шиг байгаам. Гэвч энэ тархин дотор алаад хаячихмаар бодлууд байгаад байгаа нь хамгийн зэвүүн.
секс.мн дээр ирсэн захидал
http://www.cekc.mn/general/gay-lesbian-bisexual/36806
Одоо ч гэсэн би байнга өөрчлөгдөхийг хичээж, явсан газар бүртээ төрөл бүрийн биеэ үнэлэгч хүүхэн авдаг. Даанч худлаа хоосон хэсэг хөдөлж байгаад л дур тавих төдий бушуухан дуусаасай гэж бодсоор дуусгах нэг тиймэрхүү явдал болж өнгөрдөг. Өөрийгөө би бусдад энэ чинь “гомо” шүү дээ гэж хэлүүлэхийг үнэхээр хүсэхгүй бас тэвчиж чадахгүй. Ийм байна байдалтай байна гэдэг бусдад гайхуулаад байх сайхан зүйл огт биш шүү дээ. Намайг тэгээд та бүхэн нэг тийм хүүхэн шиг, шалчигнасан аймаар амьтан гэж битгий төсөөлөөрэй. Би өөрөө ч тийм сэгснэсэн хүүхэн шиг залуучуудыг харах дургүй. Энэхүү захиагаараа би тийм төсөөллийг та бүхэнд бий болгох гээгүй юм шүү. Ганцхан өөрийгөө өөрчлөхийг цаг үргэлж хичээж байгаа энгийн нэг залуу , өөр шигээ байдалд орсон боловч өөрчлөгдөж чадсан хэн нэгэн байвал тэр тухайгаа бичээрэй. Тэгвэл тэр чинь надад аймаар том ИТГЭЛ НАЙДВАР болж магадгүй л гэж хүсэх гэсийн.
Ийм байдлийг маань хүлээн зөвшөөрөөд намайг засаад авчих тийм хүн ер нь амьдралд байх болов уу. За энэ ч арай хэтэрхий том хүсэлт болчихлоо.
Баярлалаа. Ёоххххх нээрээ сэтгэл хөнгөрчих шиг боллоо.
Ижил хүйстэнтэй явалдах гэдэг нэг их сайхан зүйл биш ээ. Хүний жамаар амьдрах нь илүү сайхан юм шиг байгаам. Гэвч энэ тархин дотор алаад хаячихмаар бодлууд байгаад байгаа нь хамгийн зэвүүн.
секс.мн дээр ирсэн захидал
http://www.cekc.mn/general/gay-lesbian-bisexual/36806
LGBT MONGOLIANS AND HUMAN RIGHTS
“Behind the blue sky” exhibition opening
LGBT MONGOLIANS AND HUMAN RIGHTS
B.D Colorboy, Mongolian LGBT activist
Good evening, sisters and brothers, friends and supporters. My name is B.D Colorboy. I wish to thank everyone who made the time and space to attend this exhibition opening. I came here today to talk about the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered people’s human rights in Mongolia, but seeing the life itself spread out in front of us, I’ve decided to be brief. So let me ask you a couple of questions.
How many lesbians or gays do you personally know?
How many lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered Mongolians are out there?
What is your and the societal perception of these people?
About ten years ago when we established the Tavilan, a Mongolian word for destiny, an NGO for gay men in Mongolia, the standard answer I got was “I don’t know such people in Mongolia. There probably aren’t, and even if there are, there must be very, very few”. The answer still holds today. So I start engaging that person on why they think that way, and I start trying my best to convince them that LGBT Mongolians are here, there, everywhere. If I fail, which I do very often, I drop my bombshell, which is simply the sentence “I am a gay man”. The most difficult part is that afterwards that person will stop acknowledging me, will stop responding to my greetings, will start to jab and verbally abuse me directly or indirectly, or worse, declare to others who am I, leading to my brother breaking my leg, being shunned away at the university where I was out and proud. If I continue, this list of woes arising due to being born gay in Mongolia is never-ending.
The reason why I am telling you today this is because I wanted to remind you that it does not matter whether it is a single person, or a hundred, or a hundred thousand or even three hundred thousand – we are not here talking numbers. It doesn’t matter whether it is one or many; we are talking PEOPLE behind these khadaks.
You have seen the many portraits and pictures around the hall and you have read the soul-wrenching testimonies, as well as a litany of violence against LGBT people. I am also hoping that you have noticed a couple of words that were repeated often enough to have caught your attention; in particular, one of them: democracy. There are many here who have specialised in democracy and democratic studies, so there is no need to talk much about why and how, except I want to highlight several things. Democracy has been defined and conceptualised differently in different ages. In this age we live in, democracy is no longer its original meaning or application, it is no longer only for the nobility or the army, it is no longer only for the propertied or for males above a certain age. Indeed, it is a governance ideal and a governance structure, form, method and process pertinent to all. To put it simply, because we are born humans, we are a part of the social contract in which we all partake equally. And this is because everyone is born equal and everyone is entitled to dignity. To put it even more simply: we are different, but we are the same. Despite diverse external appearances, psyche and its varied expressions, we are one. And it is this sameness of humanity’s another colour, another expression, that is spread out before you today.
Why are we hiding our faces? Genocide in Rwanda, extreme forms of gender based violence, South African apartheid, the plight of Palestinians for decades upon decades, the attitudes and conceptions imposed upon the Muslim around the world since 9/11. These are all examples of forms of discrimination and persecution. The persecution of the minority by the majority, the persecution of the powerless by the powerful. The right to life, the right to be free from gender-based violence, the right to religion, the right to education, the right to engage in employment provided that employment is not inflicting harm upon others, the right to the freedom of association, greatly curbed to LGBT persons in Mongolia, through the telling example of how the LGBT Centre of Mongolia had to fight for nearly three years before getting its official registration in the middle of December 2009, and most important of all, the right to be free from violence and brutality of which agents are usually uniformed officials. These are all fundamental, inseparable, non-derogable human rights.
It is because the LGBT Mongolians are unable to enjoy these fundamental basic rights and because we want our realities and our lives to exist free from violence, that we have gathered and united our voices in saying “We are PEOPLE like you” through this exhibition, even if our faces are hidden.
The term “people” is inclusive of LGBT people as well. Non-discrimination based on gender includes in itself non-discrimination based on sexual orientation: it’s international law. If Mongolia is indeed a democratic country with a rule of law, let’s uphold and abide by our Constitution that says no one shall be discriminated on based on their sex, which is also, as I said, inclusive of sexual orientation. Let’s faithfully abide by our duties and responsibilities under international treaties.
A year and a half ago, Mongolia faced terror, a catastrophe: the first big scale post-election violence the likes of which Mongolia never faced in its history. Five people lost their lives, while many of the arrested 800 were mistreated and even tortured, and thousands upon thousands of people were affected by the war on information, losing sleep, losing hope, and most of all, TERRIFIED of the state that was coming into our lives and violating our privacies through many ways. This exhibition’s aim is to show you that for us, the LGBT Mongolians, our every day is July 1 of 2008.
Thank you for your attention and please continue to support your brothers and sisters, daughters and sons and their rights whether at home in the US or outside.
For more information on Mongolia’s LGBT issues, please contact:
LGBT Centre, suite 202,
Peace Avenue-57, Bayanzurkh district,
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Website: www.lgbtcentre.mn (coming soon)
Email: robyn.garner@yahoo.com and mtsu9otgoo@hotmail.com
LGBT MONGOLIANS AND HUMAN RIGHTS
B.D Colorboy, Mongolian LGBT activist
Good evening, sisters and brothers, friends and supporters. My name is B.D Colorboy. I wish to thank everyone who made the time and space to attend this exhibition opening. I came here today to talk about the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered people’s human rights in Mongolia, but seeing the life itself spread out in front of us, I’ve decided to be brief. So let me ask you a couple of questions.
How many lesbians or gays do you personally know?
How many lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered Mongolians are out there?
What is your and the societal perception of these people?
About ten years ago when we established the Tavilan, a Mongolian word for destiny, an NGO for gay men in Mongolia, the standard answer I got was “I don’t know such people in Mongolia. There probably aren’t, and even if there are, there must be very, very few”. The answer still holds today. So I start engaging that person on why they think that way, and I start trying my best to convince them that LGBT Mongolians are here, there, everywhere. If I fail, which I do very often, I drop my bombshell, which is simply the sentence “I am a gay man”. The most difficult part is that afterwards that person will stop acknowledging me, will stop responding to my greetings, will start to jab and verbally abuse me directly or indirectly, or worse, declare to others who am I, leading to my brother breaking my leg, being shunned away at the university where I was out and proud. If I continue, this list of woes arising due to being born gay in Mongolia is never-ending.
The reason why I am telling you today this is because I wanted to remind you that it does not matter whether it is a single person, or a hundred, or a hundred thousand or even three hundred thousand – we are not here talking numbers. It doesn’t matter whether it is one or many; we are talking PEOPLE behind these khadaks.
You have seen the many portraits and pictures around the hall and you have read the soul-wrenching testimonies, as well as a litany of violence against LGBT people. I am also hoping that you have noticed a couple of words that were repeated often enough to have caught your attention; in particular, one of them: democracy. There are many here who have specialised in democracy and democratic studies, so there is no need to talk much about why and how, except I want to highlight several things. Democracy has been defined and conceptualised differently in different ages. In this age we live in, democracy is no longer its original meaning or application, it is no longer only for the nobility or the army, it is no longer only for the propertied or for males above a certain age. Indeed, it is a governance ideal and a governance structure, form, method and process pertinent to all. To put it simply, because we are born humans, we are a part of the social contract in which we all partake equally. And this is because everyone is born equal and everyone is entitled to dignity. To put it even more simply: we are different, but we are the same. Despite diverse external appearances, psyche and its varied expressions, we are one. And it is this sameness of humanity’s another colour, another expression, that is spread out before you today.
Why are we hiding our faces? Genocide in Rwanda, extreme forms of gender based violence, South African apartheid, the plight of Palestinians for decades upon decades, the attitudes and conceptions imposed upon the Muslim around the world since 9/11. These are all examples of forms of discrimination and persecution. The persecution of the minority by the majority, the persecution of the powerless by the powerful. The right to life, the right to be free from gender-based violence, the right to religion, the right to education, the right to engage in employment provided that employment is not inflicting harm upon others, the right to the freedom of association, greatly curbed to LGBT persons in Mongolia, through the telling example of how the LGBT Centre of Mongolia had to fight for nearly three years before getting its official registration in the middle of December 2009, and most important of all, the right to be free from violence and brutality of which agents are usually uniformed officials. These are all fundamental, inseparable, non-derogable human rights.
It is because the LGBT Mongolians are unable to enjoy these fundamental basic rights and because we want our realities and our lives to exist free from violence, that we have gathered and united our voices in saying “We are PEOPLE like you” through this exhibition, even if our faces are hidden.
The term “people” is inclusive of LGBT people as well. Non-discrimination based on gender includes in itself non-discrimination based on sexual orientation: it’s international law. If Mongolia is indeed a democratic country with a rule of law, let’s uphold and abide by our Constitution that says no one shall be discriminated on based on their sex, which is also, as I said, inclusive of sexual orientation. Let’s faithfully abide by our duties and responsibilities under international treaties.
A year and a half ago, Mongolia faced terror, a catastrophe: the first big scale post-election violence the likes of which Mongolia never faced in its history. Five people lost their lives, while many of the arrested 800 were mistreated and even tortured, and thousands upon thousands of people were affected by the war on information, losing sleep, losing hope, and most of all, TERRIFIED of the state that was coming into our lives and violating our privacies through many ways. This exhibition’s aim is to show you that for us, the LGBT Mongolians, our every day is July 1 of 2008.
Thank you for your attention and please continue to support your brothers and sisters, daughters and sons and their rights whether at home in the US or outside.
For more information on Mongolia’s LGBT issues, please contact:
LGBT Centre, suite 202,
Peace Avenue-57, Bayanzurkh district,
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Website: www.lgbtcentre.mn (coming soon)
Email: robyn.garner@yahoo.com and mtsu9otgoo@hotmail.com
Хөх Тэнгэрийн Цаана үзэсгэлэн дээр хэлсэн үг
Саяхан Зулзагын блог уншиж байтал Хөх Тэнгэрийн Цаана үзэсгэлэн дээр хэлсэн үгийг минь Зулзага жал оруулсан харагдсан.
Эх хувиар нь энд тавилаа, нэгийг бодоцгооно биз дээ.
Хөх Тэнгэрийн Цаана үзэсгэлэн саяхан АНУ-ын Нью Йорк хотноо нээлтээ хийсэн ба ирэх 4-р сар хүртэл тэндээ байж, дараа нь Сан Франциско, Чикаго, жилийн сүүлээр Нидерландын Амстердам хотноо мөн гарах болно гэдгийг энэ дашрамд хэлье.
Үзэсгэлэнгийн тухайд гэвэл Монгол Улсын Ерөнхийлөгчийн Хүний Эрх, Иргэний Оролцооны Зөвлөх Ц. Оюунгэрэл эгчийг би Наран гэж дуучин найзаараа дамжуулж урихад тэрээр нөхөртэйгээ ирсэн ба Ерөнхийлөгчийн Зөвлөхийн ажлаа авсныхаа дараа анх удаа олны өмнө үг хэлсэн нь манай үзэсгэлэн дээр байсан юм.
ЛГБТ Төвийг мөн бүртгүүлэхэд маш их нөлөөлсөнд нь бид туйлын баяртай явдаг юм. Харин бас л үзэсгэлэнд оролцоочээ гэж хүмүүст уриалахад цсийн дүнгээрээ 3-хан лесбияны хөрөг л байсан, тэр нь Заяа, Зулзага бид гурав байсан юм биз дээ.
Энэ бас л нэгийг хэлээд л байна. Бас нээлт нь эдийд тэдийд болж байгаа гэсэн зарыг маань гей.мн-эс аваад хаясан байсан. Бас л нэгийг хэлээд л байгаа хэрэг. Өөрөө оролцох боломжгүй бол бусдадаа бас оролцох боломжийг өгөх гэж, бусдын ду хоолойны илэрхийллийг хүндэтгэхийн улмаас иймэрхүү форумууд байдаг. Харин түүнийг үл хайхарвал бас л нэгийг хэлээд байгаа хэрэг.
"Сайн байцгаана уу? Миний нэр Анараа. Энэхүү үзэсгэлэнд цаг заваа зарцуулж, зорин ирсэнд та бүхэнд баярлалаа. Би өнөөдөр лесбиян, гей, бисексуал, трансжендер буюу товчоор ЛГБТ хүмүүсийн хүний эрхийн тухай ярихаар ирсэн ч үгнээс илүү амьдрал энд дэлгээтэйг хараад олон үг нуршихааргүй шийдлээ. Оронд нь энгийн хэдэн асуулт тавья.
1. Та хэдэн лесбиян эсвэл гей хүн таних вэ?
2. Монголд хэдэн лесбиян, гей, бисексуал, трансжендер хүн байдаг вэ?
3. Эдгээр хүмүүсийг та болон Монголын нийгэм хэн ба юу гэж төсөөлдөг вэ?
Зарим нэг хүн гайхширч, зарим нь инээмсэглэж, зарим нь ч хажуудаа зогсоо хүнийгээ сэмхэн харж байх шиг байна. Ийм асуулт тавьж байгаа нь учиртай. Би эдгээрийг олон хүнд тавьдаг. Хариулт болгоныг сийрүүлж байсан бол нэг байтугай ном дүүргэхээр шүү.
“Би лав тийм Монгол хүн танихгүй, ер нь байдаггүй байхаа, байвал цөөхөн л байх” гэсэн хариулт арван жилийн өмнө ихэнхдээ сонсдог байлаа, одоо ч мөн ялгаагүй. Тийн бодохын учир начирыг нь тунгаалцах зуураа сэнхрүүлэх гэж оролдоно. Сэнхрүүлж дийлэхгүй бол их буугаа гаргана. Миний их буу бол “Би өөрөө лесбиян хүн” гэдэг өгүүлбэр. Хамгийн хэцүү нь дараа дайралдвал нүүрээ бууруулах, мэндлэхэд хариугүй хажуугаар зөрөх, үг хэлээр шууд болон шууд бусаар хатган доромжлох, бусдад миний хэн болохыг миний зөвшөөрөлгүйгээр зарлан тунхаглах, үр дүнд нь ажлаасаа халагдах, орон байраа солих хэрэгтэй болох гээд яриад байвал барагдахгүй.
Үүнийг хуучлахын учир нь нэг байна уу, 100 байна уу, 100,000 уу, 300,000 уу, хэд байх нь хамаагүй, бид тооны тухай яриагүй ээ. Нэг ч бай, хэд ч бай бид хүний тухай ярьж байгааг, нүүрээ халхалсан ч хадагны цааана хүн байгааг би сануулахын тулд ярьсан хэрэг.
Энэ танхимыг тойроод нүүрээ халхалсан олон хүний зургийг та харлаа, эдгээр хүмүүсийн сэтгэлийн өчлийг ч бас уншлаа. Дахин дахин давтагдсан ба нүдэнд торсон үгийн нэг нь ардчилал байсан байх гэж найдаж байна. Ардчиллаар мэргэшсэн хүн энд олон байгаа тул надад бас л нурших шаардлагагүй. Гэхдээ нэг хоёр зүйлийг онцолвол ардчилал нь цаг үе бүрт өөр өөрөөр тодорхойлогдож томъёлогдож ирсэн нэгэн ухагдахуун. Бидний амьдарч буй эрин цагт ардчилал гэдэг нь анх үүссэн хэрэглээ, томъёоллоосоо даван хальж, зөвхөн цэргийн жанжин, язгууртан, өмчтөн, эсвэл тодорхой насны эр хүйсийн хүмүүс биш, харин бүх хүнийг хамарсан засаглалын идеал, хэлбэр, арга барил, үйл явц болсон. Энгийнээр хэлвэл хүн болж төрснөөрөө бид бүгд эрх тэгш оролцох ёстой нийгмийн гэрээний нэг хэсэг болдог. Харин энэ нь хүн бүр эрх тэгш, ижил эрхтэй, төрөлхийн сүр жавхаатай гэсэн зарчимд үндэслэдэг. Бүр энгийнээр хэлвэл бид өөр өөр ч, үндсэндээ адил. Гадаад төрх, дотоод сэтгэхүй, түүний илэрхийллээрээ өөр өөр байсан ч бид нэг. Өнөөдөр яг л хүн төрөлхтөний дотор багтсан энэ л ижил язгуурын нэгэн илэрхийлэл та бүхний өмнө дэлгээстэй байна.
Бид яагаад нүүрээ халхлах болов? Руандагийн геноцид буюу төрлөөр хомроглон устгах, охид эмэгтэйчүүдийг алагчлах, Өмнөд Африкийн Улсын апартаид, Палестинчуудын олон арван жилийн гаслан, 2001 оны 9 сарын 11-ээс хойших лалынхныг үзэх болсон үзэл, энэ бүгд алагчлал, ялгаварлан гадуурхалт, мөрдлөгө хавчлагын жишээ. Ихэнх цөөнхийг, хүчтэй нь хүчгүйгээ алагчлах, ялгаварлан гадуурхах, мөрдөн мөшгөхийн жишээ. Эдгээр эрх буюу амьд явах, хүйсэнд үндэслэсэн ялгаварлан гадуурхалтад өртөхгүй байх, шашин шүтэх эс шүтэх эрх, боловсрол олох, бусдад гэм хор учруулсан гэмт хэргийн л шинж чанартай биш бол дуртай хөдөлмөрөө эрхлэх, хамгийн гол нь харгислал хүчрихийлэлд өртөхгүй байх эдгээр эрх бүгд хүний халдашгүй суурь эрхүүд. Харин ЛГБТ монголчууд эдгээр эрхээ эдлэж чаддаггүйн учир дуу хоолойгоо өнөөдөр нэгтгэж, амьдрал бодит байдлаа сайжруулахын төлөө нүүрээ халхалсан ч зоримогоор та бүхэнд “Бид та нарын адил ХҮН” гэдгээ үзүүлж байгаа хэрэг.
Хүн бүр гэдэгт ЛГБТ хүмүүс багтдагийг, хүйсээр үл алагчлах ойлголтод бэлгийн чиг баримжаагаар үл алагчлах ойлголт багтдагийг олон улсын хууль, эрх зүйн хэм хэмжээнд заагаад тунхаглачихсан. Ардчилсан ба эрх зүйт нийгэм л юм бол Монгол Улсынхаа Үндсэн Хуулийг дээдлэн биелүүлэн, олон улсын гэрээ пактаа сахин биелүүлэх цаг иржээ.
Нэг жил, нэг өдрийн өмнө Монголын хувьд томоос том аймшиг, гамшиг нүүрлэсэн билээ. 5 хүн алтан амиа алдаж, баривчлагдсан 800 гаруй хүний ихэнх нь эрүү шүүлтэд орж, тоолшгүй олон хүн сэтгэлзүйн дайнд дайрагдсан. Энэ үзэсгэлэн харин та бүхэнд лесбиян, гей, бисексуал, трансжендер Монголчуудын хувьд өдөр бүр долоон сарын нэгэн байдаг юм шүү гэдгийг харуулахыг зорьсон юм.
Анхаарал тавьсанд баярлалаа."
http://www.a-free-guestbook.com/gb/mongoldyke/69
Эх хувиар нь энд тавилаа, нэгийг бодоцгооно биз дээ.
Хөх Тэнгэрийн Цаана үзэсгэлэн саяхан АНУ-ын Нью Йорк хотноо нээлтээ хийсэн ба ирэх 4-р сар хүртэл тэндээ байж, дараа нь Сан Франциско, Чикаго, жилийн сүүлээр Нидерландын Амстердам хотноо мөн гарах болно гэдгийг энэ дашрамд хэлье.
Үзэсгэлэнгийн тухайд гэвэл Монгол Улсын Ерөнхийлөгчийн Хүний Эрх, Иргэний Оролцооны Зөвлөх Ц. Оюунгэрэл эгчийг би Наран гэж дуучин найзаараа дамжуулж урихад тэрээр нөхөртэйгээ ирсэн ба Ерөнхийлөгчийн Зөвлөхийн ажлаа авсныхаа дараа анх удаа олны өмнө үг хэлсэн нь манай үзэсгэлэн дээр байсан юм.
ЛГБТ Төвийг мөн бүртгүүлэхэд маш их нөлөөлсөнд нь бид туйлын баяртай явдаг юм. Харин бас л үзэсгэлэнд оролцоочээ гэж хүмүүст уриалахад цсийн дүнгээрээ 3-хан лесбияны хөрөг л байсан, тэр нь Заяа, Зулзага бид гурав байсан юм биз дээ.
Энэ бас л нэгийг хэлээд л байна. Бас нээлт нь эдийд тэдийд болж байгаа гэсэн зарыг маань гей.мн-эс аваад хаясан байсан. Бас л нэгийг хэлээд л байгаа хэрэг. Өөрөө оролцох боломжгүй бол бусдадаа бас оролцох боломжийг өгөх гэж, бусдын ду хоолойны илэрхийллийг хүндэтгэхийн улмаас иймэрхүү форумууд байдаг. Харин түүнийг үл хайхарвал бас л нэгийг хэлээд байгаа хэрэг.
"Сайн байцгаана уу? Миний нэр Анараа. Энэхүү үзэсгэлэнд цаг заваа зарцуулж, зорин ирсэнд та бүхэнд баярлалаа. Би өнөөдөр лесбиян, гей, бисексуал, трансжендер буюу товчоор ЛГБТ хүмүүсийн хүний эрхийн тухай ярихаар ирсэн ч үгнээс илүү амьдрал энд дэлгээтэйг хараад олон үг нуршихааргүй шийдлээ. Оронд нь энгийн хэдэн асуулт тавья.
1. Та хэдэн лесбиян эсвэл гей хүн таних вэ?
2. Монголд хэдэн лесбиян, гей, бисексуал, трансжендер хүн байдаг вэ?
3. Эдгээр хүмүүсийг та болон Монголын нийгэм хэн ба юу гэж төсөөлдөг вэ?
Зарим нэг хүн гайхширч, зарим нь инээмсэглэж, зарим нь ч хажуудаа зогсоо хүнийгээ сэмхэн харж байх шиг байна. Ийм асуулт тавьж байгаа нь учиртай. Би эдгээрийг олон хүнд тавьдаг. Хариулт болгоныг сийрүүлж байсан бол нэг байтугай ном дүүргэхээр шүү.
“Би лав тийм Монгол хүн танихгүй, ер нь байдаггүй байхаа, байвал цөөхөн л байх” гэсэн хариулт арван жилийн өмнө ихэнхдээ сонсдог байлаа, одоо ч мөн ялгаагүй. Тийн бодохын учир начирыг нь тунгаалцах зуураа сэнхрүүлэх гэж оролдоно. Сэнхрүүлж дийлэхгүй бол их буугаа гаргана. Миний их буу бол “Би өөрөө лесбиян хүн” гэдэг өгүүлбэр. Хамгийн хэцүү нь дараа дайралдвал нүүрээ бууруулах, мэндлэхэд хариугүй хажуугаар зөрөх, үг хэлээр шууд болон шууд бусаар хатган доромжлох, бусдад миний хэн болохыг миний зөвшөөрөлгүйгээр зарлан тунхаглах, үр дүнд нь ажлаасаа халагдах, орон байраа солих хэрэгтэй болох гээд яриад байвал барагдахгүй.
Үүнийг хуучлахын учир нь нэг байна уу, 100 байна уу, 100,000 уу, 300,000 уу, хэд байх нь хамаагүй, бид тооны тухай яриагүй ээ. Нэг ч бай, хэд ч бай бид хүний тухай ярьж байгааг, нүүрээ халхалсан ч хадагны цааана хүн байгааг би сануулахын тулд ярьсан хэрэг.
Энэ танхимыг тойроод нүүрээ халхалсан олон хүний зургийг та харлаа, эдгээр хүмүүсийн сэтгэлийн өчлийг ч бас уншлаа. Дахин дахин давтагдсан ба нүдэнд торсон үгийн нэг нь ардчилал байсан байх гэж найдаж байна. Ардчиллаар мэргэшсэн хүн энд олон байгаа тул надад бас л нурших шаардлагагүй. Гэхдээ нэг хоёр зүйлийг онцолвол ардчилал нь цаг үе бүрт өөр өөрөөр тодорхойлогдож томъёлогдож ирсэн нэгэн ухагдахуун. Бидний амьдарч буй эрин цагт ардчилал гэдэг нь анх үүссэн хэрэглээ, томъёоллоосоо даван хальж, зөвхөн цэргийн жанжин, язгууртан, өмчтөн, эсвэл тодорхой насны эр хүйсийн хүмүүс биш, харин бүх хүнийг хамарсан засаглалын идеал, хэлбэр, арга барил, үйл явц болсон. Энгийнээр хэлвэл хүн болж төрснөөрөө бид бүгд эрх тэгш оролцох ёстой нийгмийн гэрээний нэг хэсэг болдог. Харин энэ нь хүн бүр эрх тэгш, ижил эрхтэй, төрөлхийн сүр жавхаатай гэсэн зарчимд үндэслэдэг. Бүр энгийнээр хэлвэл бид өөр өөр ч, үндсэндээ адил. Гадаад төрх, дотоод сэтгэхүй, түүний илэрхийллээрээ өөр өөр байсан ч бид нэг. Өнөөдөр яг л хүн төрөлхтөний дотор багтсан энэ л ижил язгуурын нэгэн илэрхийлэл та бүхний өмнө дэлгээстэй байна.
Бид яагаад нүүрээ халхлах болов? Руандагийн геноцид буюу төрлөөр хомроглон устгах, охид эмэгтэйчүүдийг алагчлах, Өмнөд Африкийн Улсын апартаид, Палестинчуудын олон арван жилийн гаслан, 2001 оны 9 сарын 11-ээс хойших лалынхныг үзэх болсон үзэл, энэ бүгд алагчлал, ялгаварлан гадуурхалт, мөрдлөгө хавчлагын жишээ. Ихэнх цөөнхийг, хүчтэй нь хүчгүйгээ алагчлах, ялгаварлан гадуурхах, мөрдөн мөшгөхийн жишээ. Эдгээр эрх буюу амьд явах, хүйсэнд үндэслэсэн ялгаварлан гадуурхалтад өртөхгүй байх, шашин шүтэх эс шүтэх эрх, боловсрол олох, бусдад гэм хор учруулсан гэмт хэргийн л шинж чанартай биш бол дуртай хөдөлмөрөө эрхлэх, хамгийн гол нь харгислал хүчрихийлэлд өртөхгүй байх эдгээр эрх бүгд хүний халдашгүй суурь эрхүүд. Харин ЛГБТ монголчууд эдгээр эрхээ эдлэж чаддаггүйн учир дуу хоолойгоо өнөөдөр нэгтгэж, амьдрал бодит байдлаа сайжруулахын төлөө нүүрээ халхалсан ч зоримогоор та бүхэнд “Бид та нарын адил ХҮН” гэдгээ үзүүлж байгаа хэрэг.
Хүн бүр гэдэгт ЛГБТ хүмүүс багтдагийг, хүйсээр үл алагчлах ойлголтод бэлгийн чиг баримжаагаар үл алагчлах ойлголт багтдагийг олон улсын хууль, эрх зүйн хэм хэмжээнд заагаад тунхаглачихсан. Ардчилсан ба эрх зүйт нийгэм л юм бол Монгол Улсынхаа Үндсэн Хуулийг дээдлэн биелүүлэн, олон улсын гэрээ пактаа сахин биелүүлэх цаг иржээ.
Нэг жил, нэг өдрийн өмнө Монголын хувьд томоос том аймшиг, гамшиг нүүрлэсэн билээ. 5 хүн алтан амиа алдаж, баривчлагдсан 800 гаруй хүний ихэнх нь эрүү шүүлтэд орж, тоолшгүй олон хүн сэтгэлзүйн дайнд дайрагдсан. Энэ үзэсгэлэн харин та бүхэнд лесбиян, гей, бисексуал, трансжендер Монголчуудын хувьд өдөр бүр долоон сарын нэгэн байдаг юм шүү гэдгийг харуулахыг зорьсон юм.
Анхаарал тавьсанд баярлалаа."
http://www.a-free-guestbook.com/gb/mongoldyke/69
ЛГБТ Төвөөс бэлгийн цөөнхийн талаар UPR-т илгээх илтгэл бэлэн болсныг олж уншина уу
ЛГБТ Төвөөс бэлгийн цөөнхийн талаар UPR-т илгээх илтгэл бэлэн болсныг олж уншина уу. Бидэнтэй info@lgbtcentre.mn цахим шуудангаар холбогдож болно.
Report on Mongolia – Ninth Round of the Universal Periodic Review (2010)
This report is submitted by the Mongolian LGBT Centre NGO and the Sexual Rights Initiative (a coalition including Mulabi – Latin American Space for Sexualities and Rights; Action Canada for Population and Development; Creating Resources for Empowerment and Action-India, the Polish Federation for Women and Family Planning, and others). The Mongolian LGBT Centre NGO, established in December 2009 after a three-year fight for registration, is the first LGBT human rights NGO in Mongolia. The NGO’s mission is to "uphold, protect, and promote the human rights of LGBT people and promote the correct understanding of sexual orientation and gender identity within Mongolian society."
Summary;
This report documents the widespread societal and institutional discrimination against, and intolerance of, sexuality minorities, herein meaning lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) persons in Mongolia, and the lack of institutional, legislative and constitutional frameworks for protection against, and the redress of, violations against them. Discrimination against LGBT persons is endemic in the public, private and non-governmental sectors and encompasses the police and the judiciary, health-care services, education, the housing sector and the media. Despite Mongolia’s stated commitment to the upholding of human rights, it is a country where intolerance of LGBT persons is manifested in varying forms, from ostracism and harassment to discrimination in employment to physical and sexual violence. So prolific is the level of prejudice and hatred that few LGBT persons have escaped some degree of harassment and/or violence when their sexual orientation and/or gender identity has become known . These human rights violations are addressed thematically in this report.
I. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Mongolia has joined a range of major international human rights treaties, such as the Convention of the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination, the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the ILO Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, and the Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages, and Convention against Discrimination in Education. Moreover, Article 10 of the Constitution of Mongolia, paragraph 1 states; “Mongolia shall adhere to universally recognised norms and principles of international law and pursue a peaceful foreign policy”; paragraph 2 of the same article states; “Mongolia shall fulfil in good faith its obligations under international treaties to which it is a party”; and paragraph 3 of the same article confirms; “The international treaties to which Mongolia is a party shall become effective as national legislation upon the entry into force of the laws or on their ratification or accession”.
However, Mongolia’s stated commitment to its international obligations to uphold human rights for all has not been not implemented as evidenced by its consistent systematic and institutional failure to ensure and protect the human rights of all, by its failure to implement treaty bodies’ recommendations, and by consistent reports of widespread discrimination faced by sexuality minorities. Sexuality minorities suffer discrimination due to being perceived as not conforming to dominant notions of male/female gender identity and heteronormativity and are routinely victims of hate crimes.
Mongolia continues to frame human rights discourse in a heteronormative, exclusionary and narrow manner, a prime example of which is the official Mongolian-language version of the UN Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages to which Mongolia acceded in April 1991, in which preamble 2, “Marriage shall be entered into only with the free will and consent of intending spouses”, is mistranslated as “Marriage shall be entered into only with the free will and consent of a man and a woman” , thus illustrating the state’s deeply heteronormative notion of marriage. This is further illustrated by the lack of any response to a marriage recognition query which a legally married female same-sex couple submitted through their employer to the Government of Mongolia, for which the Government of Mongolia has remained silent for more than a year (January 2009 and continuing as of April 2010).
Ignoring the rights of sexuality minorities is not representative of a democracy, and it is not compatible with the democratic values that Mongolia as a state professes to uphold, and it is contrary to Mongolia’s international obligations. The current level of discrimination and violence against LGBT persons raise such questions as; Is Mongolia truly fulfilling its international human rights obligations? Is Mongolia exercising exclusivity in the acknowledgement and upholding of human rights and in its commitment to fulfilling its international obligations?
Recommendations;
1. It is strongly recommended that the Government of Mongolia reviews all its laws to harmonise existing laws with its international treaty obligations, which have been conceptualised to be of even higher importance than national laws, with a view to truly implementing those treaties to which it is a party.
2. It is strongly recommended that the Government of Mongolia enacts an anti-discrimination law that explicitly reflects non-discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity/expression to provide effective legal protection for sexuality and other – ethnic, religious, linguistic – minorities in Mongolia, and establishes a mechanism of anti-discrimination law enforcement through specifically assigned and mandated offices in accordance with Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, .
3. In connection with the review of its national laws, specific attention is called to marriage equality, whereby a same-sex marriage that is legally recognised and registered elsewhere is afforded the same status of recognition as a heterosexual marriage in line with Mongolia’s international obligation under the Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages, and that there is recognition of any marriage to which the intending spouses have entered into with free will and consent and which was recognised as such and registered by relevant authorities.
4. It is strongly recommended that Mongolia enacts anti-hate crime law to protect minorities from hate crimes, ensure privacy and confidentiality of information, emphasise education and conciliation, and provide for speedy and effective criminal, administrative and civil remedies.
II. RIGHT TO LIFE, LIBERTY AND SECURITY OF PERSONS
a) Testimonies gathered from the Mongolian LGBT community suggest widespread and pervasive harassment and persecution of LGBT persons by the General Police Department and the General Intelligence Agency. This includes covert surveillance of known LGBT persons, keeping files on known LGBT persons, monitoring LGBT social events and photographing/filming those in attendance, phone-tapping, arbitrary arrests, intimidation, threats, and physical and sexual assaults on LGBT persons while in custody.
b) Evidence gathered from the Mongolian LGBT community suggests that sexual violence against lesbian and bisexual women in particular and against transgendered persons is commonplace when their sexuality and/or gender identity has become known or is suspected, and that the Government of Mongolia has consistently failed to protect or provide protection mechanisms for those at risk, which constitutes discriminatory treatment and a violation of the state’s obligation to ensure that all women, without exclusion, are afforded equal protection from gender-based violence.
c) Familial violence – physical and psychological (threats, taunts, ostracism) – is the most common form of violence facing LGBT persons in Mongolia, and generally occurs when a person’s sexuality and/or gender identity has become known or is suspected. So prolific is the societal prejudice and hatred against LGBT persons that very few LGBT persons have escaped some degree of familial harassment or violence when their sexual orientation has become known.
Recommendations;
1. The Government of Mongolia must ensure through legislation equal protection for sexuality minorities who are victims of hate crimes and violence.
2. The Government of Mongolia must end its surveillance of LGBT persons simply on the basis of their sexual orientation and/or gender identity and disclose the criteria on which persons within Mongolia may be surveilled as such surveillance interferes with LGBT persons’ right to privacy, life, liberty and security both directly and indirectly.
3. The Government of Mongolia must affirm and promote that the actions of the General Police Department and the General Intelligence Agency against LGBT persons constitute grave human and civil rights violations and must undertake concrete measures to end such intimidation and discrimination.
4. The Government of Mongolia must provide continued training for the law enforcement and judicial sectors on the prevalence of SGBV against LGBT persons and codify their obligation to uphold non-discriminatory and inclusive practices, including the preservation of dignity and confidentiality, in their dealings with such victims of sexual abuse.
5. The Government of Mongolia must amend the 2004 Domestic Violence Law to include specific references to domestic violence against LGBT persons, providing legal redress for LGBT persons who are victims of familial violence.
6. The Government of Mongolia must provide social services and support for sexuality minorities who are victims of familial violence
7. The Government of Mongolia must recognise, and be held accountable to its obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, specifically General Recommendation 19, which states that; “…Under general international law and specific human rights covenants, States may also be responsible for private acts if they fail to act with due diligence to prevent violations of rights or to investigate and punish acts of violence, and for providing compensation.”
III. RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION AND PEACEFUL ASSEMBLY
a) The submitting NGO, the Mongolian LGBT Centre, first filed for registration as a non-governmental organisation with a mandate to work for the human and civil rights of LGBT persons in Mongolia with the Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs in February 2007, however the application was not received because of the NGO’s name, LGBT Centre. The refusal to accept the documentation was verbally explained to be because the words ”lesbian”, “gay”, “bisexual” and “transgender” were not Mongolian and needed to be approved by the Linguistics Institute of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, despite the submission of a letter together with the documentation that “lesbian”, “gay”, “bisexual” and “transgender” were internationally accepted terminology.
b) The LGBT Centre again applied for registration in early 2009, at which time the registration of NGOs was no longer under the mandate of the Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs but with the Legal Entities Registration Authority. The LERA officially denied the NGO’s registration on 23 June 2009 in a letter that said; “The name “Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Centre” has a meaning that conflicts with Mongolian customs and traditions and has the potential to set the wrong example for youth and adolescents”. The LGBT Centre was eventually registered on December 16, 2009, after interventions from the Office of the President of Mongolia and the National Human Rights Commission of Mongolia.
c) Existing NGOs in Mongolia who work with gay and bisexual men were also denied the right to include a mandate for working for the human rights of sexuality minorities in their bylaws at the time of their registration, leaving them with only a mandate to work on MSM health issues.
Recommendation;
1. The Government of Mongolia must ensure the full enjoyment of freedom of association and peaceful assembly for sexuality minorities, and create an environment in which this is accessible without requirements that are tantamount to nullifying this right.
IV. RIGHT TO WORK
Evidence gathered from the LGBT community suggests widespread discrimination in the workplace in both the private and public sectors, and that both sectors are actively engaged in the overt violation of LGBT persons’ right to work. Many LGBT persons have reported harassment, bullying, intimidation and ostracism at workplace, and even loss of jobs, when their sexuality and/or gender identity has become known or is suspected.
Recommendation;
1. The Government of Mongolia must fulfil its international obligation under ILO Convention 111 and guarantee non-discrimination based on sexual orientation and/or gender identity in the workplace, including both private and public institutions, and ensure that the government and the private sector develop codes of conduct regarding sexuality minorities that translate human rights principles into codes of professional responsibility and practice, with accompanying mechanisms to implement and enforce these codes.
V. RIGHT TO EDUCATION AND FREEDOM OF INFORMATION
The culturally pervasive notion of heteronormativity is implicit in the state education system, which serves to reinforce ignorance about social diversity, and specifically about LGBT persons, and implicitly promotes stereotypical perceptions of LGBT people and reflects a lack of understanding of their fundamental human rights. With the exception of the Sexual and Reproductive Health secondary school textbook, in which the lives of three gay people are outlined, the secondary-school education curriculum does not carry comprehensive information regarding sexual orientation.
Recommendations;
1. The Government of Mongolia must review the secondary education and teacher training curricula in order to mainstream human rights, with particular attention paid to the inclusion of sexuality minorities and their social and legal issues so as to promote a supportive and enabling environment in which LGBT youth may study in line with their right to receive education and information.
2. The Government of Mongolia must introduce a universal non-discrimination policy inclusive of sexual orientation and gender identity/expression at all educational institutions to ensure a safe educational environment for LGBT youth to develop and express themselves without fear of retribution by faculty or peers.
VI. RIGHT TO AN ADEQUATE STANDARD OF LIVING
The deeply rooted prejudice against LGBT persons severely impacts on their ability to live wherever they choose, and to live together in relationship with their partners. Testimonies gathered from the LGBT community depict that LGBT persons are discriminated against in the housing sector and are denied housing or evicted if it is suspected they are from the LGBT community or are cohabiting with their partners. If LGBT persons choose to cohabit, they do so under the pretext of being friends, relatives or co-workers.
Recommendation;
1. The Government of Mongolia must adopt an anti-discrimination law that promotes a supportive and enabling environment for sexuality minorities, must address the underlying societal prejudices and inequalities, and provide social services and support for sexuality minorities who are evicted from their homes.
VII. RIGHT TO ENJOYMENT OF THE HIGHEST ATTAINABLE STANDARD OF HEALTHCARE
a) Evidence gathered from the Mongolian LGBT community suggests is a lack of understanding of sexualities minorities among healthcare providers and a lack of understanding of the attendant physical and psychological problems the LGBT community face as a result of sexuality-related trauma. Many LGBT persons feared that the disclosure of their sexuality to health-service providers would lead to ridicule, outright dismissal, a denial of services or further reporting of their sexuality to other government authorities.
b) There are testimonies among the LGBT community members that sexual orientation and gender identity/expression are always misunderstood as a psychiatric disorder or addiction, and that community members whose parents sought help from psychiatrists were treated as psychiatric patients.
c) Evidence also indicates a high suicide rate among the LGBT community, particularly among LGBT youth, that is generally related to confusion about sexuality and ostracism on the basis of their sexual orientation and/or gender identity. The problem is compounded by a lack of counselling services for LGBT persons, meaning there is no psychological support for at-risk community members. The lack of understanding of the realities of life for the LGBT community, the heteronormative framework of the health sector and the lack of information within the sector itself in relation to the physical and psychological wellbeing of LGBT persons results in LGBT persons being denied access to complete medical care.
Recommendations;
1. The Government of Mongolia must ensure healthcare providers are informed about both the physical and psychological issues that pertain to sexuality minorities, and that they must provide health care without discrimination or ostracism.
2. The Government of Mongolia, and specifically the Ministry of Health, must promote contemporary psychological counselling methods and techniques as opposed to the dominant remnants of socialism wherein sexual orientation and gender identity/expression are negated or considered a disorder.
VIII. RIGHT TO MARRY AND FOUND A FAMILY
Same-sex marriages are neither registered nor recognised despite Article 16 (1) and (2) of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, and Mongolia’s accession in 1991 to the Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages that stipulates equality in marrying and founding a family among full-age adults with their free will and consent. By not fulfilling its international obligation to recognise and legitimise same-sex marriages, and by reinforcing a heteronormative family framework, the Government of Mongolia is acting in a discriminatory manner towards same-sex family units, and in so doing is denying the right of same-sex couples to be recognised as a “natural and fundamental group unit of society” entitled to the “the widest possible protection and assistance … particularly for its establishment” as stipulated in Article 10 (1) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
Recommendations;
1. The Government of Mongolia must review the Family Law which in Article 3.1.1 defines marriage as; “Marriage is a man and a woman registering with a competent government authority to found a family based on their free will, consent and equality”, and which in Article 3.1.3 defines spouses as; “A husband and a wife related to each other through marriage and who have equal rights and responsibilities”, and bring the spirit and language of the law in line with its international obligations to provide the widest possible protection and assistance to all consenting adults to marry and found a family without discrimination based on their sexual orientation.
2. The Government of Mongolia must recognise same-sex marriages that have been registered by competent legal authorities outside its borders and provide the same legal and civil protections to such marriages.
Report on Mongolia – Ninth Round of the Universal Periodic Review (2010)
This report is submitted by the Mongolian LGBT Centre NGO and the Sexual Rights Initiative (a coalition including Mulabi – Latin American Space for Sexualities and Rights; Action Canada for Population and Development; Creating Resources for Empowerment and Action-India, the Polish Federation for Women and Family Planning, and others). The Mongolian LGBT Centre NGO, established in December 2009 after a three-year fight for registration, is the first LGBT human rights NGO in Mongolia. The NGO’s mission is to "uphold, protect, and promote the human rights of LGBT people and promote the correct understanding of sexual orientation and gender identity within Mongolian society."
Summary;
This report documents the widespread societal and institutional discrimination against, and intolerance of, sexuality minorities, herein meaning lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) persons in Mongolia, and the lack of institutional, legislative and constitutional frameworks for protection against, and the redress of, violations against them. Discrimination against LGBT persons is endemic in the public, private and non-governmental sectors and encompasses the police and the judiciary, health-care services, education, the housing sector and the media. Despite Mongolia’s stated commitment to the upholding of human rights, it is a country where intolerance of LGBT persons is manifested in varying forms, from ostracism and harassment to discrimination in employment to physical and sexual violence. So prolific is the level of prejudice and hatred that few LGBT persons have escaped some degree of harassment and/or violence when their sexual orientation and/or gender identity has become known . These human rights violations are addressed thematically in this report.
I. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Mongolia has joined a range of major international human rights treaties, such as the Convention of the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination, the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the ILO Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, and the Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages, and Convention against Discrimination in Education. Moreover, Article 10 of the Constitution of Mongolia, paragraph 1 states; “Mongolia shall adhere to universally recognised norms and principles of international law and pursue a peaceful foreign policy”; paragraph 2 of the same article states; “Mongolia shall fulfil in good faith its obligations under international treaties to which it is a party”; and paragraph 3 of the same article confirms; “The international treaties to which Mongolia is a party shall become effective as national legislation upon the entry into force of the laws or on their ratification or accession”.
However, Mongolia’s stated commitment to its international obligations to uphold human rights for all has not been not implemented as evidenced by its consistent systematic and institutional failure to ensure and protect the human rights of all, by its failure to implement treaty bodies’ recommendations, and by consistent reports of widespread discrimination faced by sexuality minorities. Sexuality minorities suffer discrimination due to being perceived as not conforming to dominant notions of male/female gender identity and heteronormativity and are routinely victims of hate crimes.
Mongolia continues to frame human rights discourse in a heteronormative, exclusionary and narrow manner, a prime example of which is the official Mongolian-language version of the UN Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages to which Mongolia acceded in April 1991, in which preamble 2, “Marriage shall be entered into only with the free will and consent of intending spouses”, is mistranslated as “Marriage shall be entered into only with the free will and consent of a man and a woman” , thus illustrating the state’s deeply heteronormative notion of marriage. This is further illustrated by the lack of any response to a marriage recognition query which a legally married female same-sex couple submitted through their employer to the Government of Mongolia, for which the Government of Mongolia has remained silent for more than a year (January 2009 and continuing as of April 2010).
Ignoring the rights of sexuality minorities is not representative of a democracy, and it is not compatible with the democratic values that Mongolia as a state professes to uphold, and it is contrary to Mongolia’s international obligations. The current level of discrimination and violence against LGBT persons raise such questions as; Is Mongolia truly fulfilling its international human rights obligations? Is Mongolia exercising exclusivity in the acknowledgement and upholding of human rights and in its commitment to fulfilling its international obligations?
Recommendations;
1. It is strongly recommended that the Government of Mongolia reviews all its laws to harmonise existing laws with its international treaty obligations, which have been conceptualised to be of even higher importance than national laws, with a view to truly implementing those treaties to which it is a party.
2. It is strongly recommended that the Government of Mongolia enacts an anti-discrimination law that explicitly reflects non-discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity/expression to provide effective legal protection for sexuality and other – ethnic, religious, linguistic – minorities in Mongolia, and establishes a mechanism of anti-discrimination law enforcement through specifically assigned and mandated offices in accordance with Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, .
3. In connection with the review of its national laws, specific attention is called to marriage equality, whereby a same-sex marriage that is legally recognised and registered elsewhere is afforded the same status of recognition as a heterosexual marriage in line with Mongolia’s international obligation under the Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages, and that there is recognition of any marriage to which the intending spouses have entered into with free will and consent and which was recognised as such and registered by relevant authorities.
4. It is strongly recommended that Mongolia enacts anti-hate crime law to protect minorities from hate crimes, ensure privacy and confidentiality of information, emphasise education and conciliation, and provide for speedy and effective criminal, administrative and civil remedies.
II. RIGHT TO LIFE, LIBERTY AND SECURITY OF PERSONS
a) Testimonies gathered from the Mongolian LGBT community suggest widespread and pervasive harassment and persecution of LGBT persons by the General Police Department and the General Intelligence Agency. This includes covert surveillance of known LGBT persons, keeping files on known LGBT persons, monitoring LGBT social events and photographing/filming those in attendance, phone-tapping, arbitrary arrests, intimidation, threats, and physical and sexual assaults on LGBT persons while in custody.
b) Evidence gathered from the Mongolian LGBT community suggests that sexual violence against lesbian and bisexual women in particular and against transgendered persons is commonplace when their sexuality and/or gender identity has become known or is suspected, and that the Government of Mongolia has consistently failed to protect or provide protection mechanisms for those at risk, which constitutes discriminatory treatment and a violation of the state’s obligation to ensure that all women, without exclusion, are afforded equal protection from gender-based violence.
c) Familial violence – physical and psychological (threats, taunts, ostracism) – is the most common form of violence facing LGBT persons in Mongolia, and generally occurs when a person’s sexuality and/or gender identity has become known or is suspected. So prolific is the societal prejudice and hatred against LGBT persons that very few LGBT persons have escaped some degree of familial harassment or violence when their sexual orientation has become known.
Recommendations;
1. The Government of Mongolia must ensure through legislation equal protection for sexuality minorities who are victims of hate crimes and violence.
2. The Government of Mongolia must end its surveillance of LGBT persons simply on the basis of their sexual orientation and/or gender identity and disclose the criteria on which persons within Mongolia may be surveilled as such surveillance interferes with LGBT persons’ right to privacy, life, liberty and security both directly and indirectly.
3. The Government of Mongolia must affirm and promote that the actions of the General Police Department and the General Intelligence Agency against LGBT persons constitute grave human and civil rights violations and must undertake concrete measures to end such intimidation and discrimination.
4. The Government of Mongolia must provide continued training for the law enforcement and judicial sectors on the prevalence of SGBV against LGBT persons and codify their obligation to uphold non-discriminatory and inclusive practices, including the preservation of dignity and confidentiality, in their dealings with such victims of sexual abuse.
5. The Government of Mongolia must amend the 2004 Domestic Violence Law to include specific references to domestic violence against LGBT persons, providing legal redress for LGBT persons who are victims of familial violence.
6. The Government of Mongolia must provide social services and support for sexuality minorities who are victims of familial violence
7. The Government of Mongolia must recognise, and be held accountable to its obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, specifically General Recommendation 19, which states that; “…Under general international law and specific human rights covenants, States may also be responsible for private acts if they fail to act with due diligence to prevent violations of rights or to investigate and punish acts of violence, and for providing compensation.”
III. RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION AND PEACEFUL ASSEMBLY
a) The submitting NGO, the Mongolian LGBT Centre, first filed for registration as a non-governmental organisation with a mandate to work for the human and civil rights of LGBT persons in Mongolia with the Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs in February 2007, however the application was not received because of the NGO’s name, LGBT Centre. The refusal to accept the documentation was verbally explained to be because the words ”lesbian”, “gay”, “bisexual” and “transgender” were not Mongolian and needed to be approved by the Linguistics Institute of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, despite the submission of a letter together with the documentation that “lesbian”, “gay”, “bisexual” and “transgender” were internationally accepted terminology.
b) The LGBT Centre again applied for registration in early 2009, at which time the registration of NGOs was no longer under the mandate of the Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs but with the Legal Entities Registration Authority. The LERA officially denied the NGO’s registration on 23 June 2009 in a letter that said; “The name “Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Centre” has a meaning that conflicts with Mongolian customs and traditions and has the potential to set the wrong example for youth and adolescents”. The LGBT Centre was eventually registered on December 16, 2009, after interventions from the Office of the President of Mongolia and the National Human Rights Commission of Mongolia.
c) Existing NGOs in Mongolia who work with gay and bisexual men were also denied the right to include a mandate for working for the human rights of sexuality minorities in their bylaws at the time of their registration, leaving them with only a mandate to work on MSM health issues.
Recommendation;
1. The Government of Mongolia must ensure the full enjoyment of freedom of association and peaceful assembly for sexuality minorities, and create an environment in which this is accessible without requirements that are tantamount to nullifying this right.
IV. RIGHT TO WORK
Evidence gathered from the LGBT community suggests widespread discrimination in the workplace in both the private and public sectors, and that both sectors are actively engaged in the overt violation of LGBT persons’ right to work. Many LGBT persons have reported harassment, bullying, intimidation and ostracism at workplace, and even loss of jobs, when their sexuality and/or gender identity has become known or is suspected.
Recommendation;
1. The Government of Mongolia must fulfil its international obligation under ILO Convention 111 and guarantee non-discrimination based on sexual orientation and/or gender identity in the workplace, including both private and public institutions, and ensure that the government and the private sector develop codes of conduct regarding sexuality minorities that translate human rights principles into codes of professional responsibility and practice, with accompanying mechanisms to implement and enforce these codes.
V. RIGHT TO EDUCATION AND FREEDOM OF INFORMATION
The culturally pervasive notion of heteronormativity is implicit in the state education system, which serves to reinforce ignorance about social diversity, and specifically about LGBT persons, and implicitly promotes stereotypical perceptions of LGBT people and reflects a lack of understanding of their fundamental human rights. With the exception of the Sexual and Reproductive Health secondary school textbook, in which the lives of three gay people are outlined, the secondary-school education curriculum does not carry comprehensive information regarding sexual orientation.
Recommendations;
1. The Government of Mongolia must review the secondary education and teacher training curricula in order to mainstream human rights, with particular attention paid to the inclusion of sexuality minorities and their social and legal issues so as to promote a supportive and enabling environment in which LGBT youth may study in line with their right to receive education and information.
2. The Government of Mongolia must introduce a universal non-discrimination policy inclusive of sexual orientation and gender identity/expression at all educational institutions to ensure a safe educational environment for LGBT youth to develop and express themselves without fear of retribution by faculty or peers.
VI. RIGHT TO AN ADEQUATE STANDARD OF LIVING
The deeply rooted prejudice against LGBT persons severely impacts on their ability to live wherever they choose, and to live together in relationship with their partners. Testimonies gathered from the LGBT community depict that LGBT persons are discriminated against in the housing sector and are denied housing or evicted if it is suspected they are from the LGBT community or are cohabiting with their partners. If LGBT persons choose to cohabit, they do so under the pretext of being friends, relatives or co-workers.
Recommendation;
1. The Government of Mongolia must adopt an anti-discrimination law that promotes a supportive and enabling environment for sexuality minorities, must address the underlying societal prejudices and inequalities, and provide social services and support for sexuality minorities who are evicted from their homes.
VII. RIGHT TO ENJOYMENT OF THE HIGHEST ATTAINABLE STANDARD OF HEALTHCARE
a) Evidence gathered from the Mongolian LGBT community suggests is a lack of understanding of sexualities minorities among healthcare providers and a lack of understanding of the attendant physical and psychological problems the LGBT community face as a result of sexuality-related trauma. Many LGBT persons feared that the disclosure of their sexuality to health-service providers would lead to ridicule, outright dismissal, a denial of services or further reporting of their sexuality to other government authorities.
b) There are testimonies among the LGBT community members that sexual orientation and gender identity/expression are always misunderstood as a psychiatric disorder or addiction, and that community members whose parents sought help from psychiatrists were treated as psychiatric patients.
c) Evidence also indicates a high suicide rate among the LGBT community, particularly among LGBT youth, that is generally related to confusion about sexuality and ostracism on the basis of their sexual orientation and/or gender identity. The problem is compounded by a lack of counselling services for LGBT persons, meaning there is no psychological support for at-risk community members. The lack of understanding of the realities of life for the LGBT community, the heteronormative framework of the health sector and the lack of information within the sector itself in relation to the physical and psychological wellbeing of LGBT persons results in LGBT persons being denied access to complete medical care.
Recommendations;
1. The Government of Mongolia must ensure healthcare providers are informed about both the physical and psychological issues that pertain to sexuality minorities, and that they must provide health care without discrimination or ostracism.
2. The Government of Mongolia, and specifically the Ministry of Health, must promote contemporary psychological counselling methods and techniques as opposed to the dominant remnants of socialism wherein sexual orientation and gender identity/expression are negated or considered a disorder.
VIII. RIGHT TO MARRY AND FOUND A FAMILY
Same-sex marriages are neither registered nor recognised despite Article 16 (1) and (2) of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, and Mongolia’s accession in 1991 to the Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages that stipulates equality in marrying and founding a family among full-age adults with their free will and consent. By not fulfilling its international obligation to recognise and legitimise same-sex marriages, and by reinforcing a heteronormative family framework, the Government of Mongolia is acting in a discriminatory manner towards same-sex family units, and in so doing is denying the right of same-sex couples to be recognised as a “natural and fundamental group unit of society” entitled to the “the widest possible protection and assistance … particularly for its establishment” as stipulated in Article 10 (1) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
Recommendations;
1. The Government of Mongolia must review the Family Law which in Article 3.1.1 defines marriage as; “Marriage is a man and a woman registering with a competent government authority to found a family based on their free will, consent and equality”, and which in Article 3.1.3 defines spouses as; “A husband and a wife related to each other through marriage and who have equal rights and responsibilities”, and bring the spirit and language of the law in line with its international obligations to provide the widest possible protection and assistance to all consenting adults to marry and found a family without discrimination based on their sexual orientation.
2. The Government of Mongolia must recognise same-sex marriages that have been registered by competent legal authorities outside its borders and provide the same legal and civil protections to such marriages.
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